An orthodox Sunni Muslim, he reinstated taxes and laws penalizing … 28). 24) is thus no fancy imagination of the artist but depicts what actually took place. Bundelas under the leadership of Chhatrasal Bundela and Another notable rebellion occurred due to political and religious conflicts between Sikhs and Mughals. Slim 12. During his reign his territory expanded up to 3.2 million square kilometres. Aurangzeb, Mohammed Ghaznavi, Shivaji and Tipu Sultan Posted on June 25, 2015 July 26, 2020 by vedkabhed A famous Hindu writer writes some historical events without fear or favour. that it was the elevation and dominance of Islam, progress of its mission through means, such as, jihad, which are very differently regarded by people, of other faiths, and the welfare of the Musalmans, in particular. After his formal accession in Delhi (5th June 1659) he. Mughals conquered India for more than 300 years. Gradually Guru Tegh Bahadur was drawn, into the whirlwind which Aurangzeb had raised by, his policy of Temple destruction, conversions and, discrimination against the non-Muslims. Aurangzeb. However, his Mughal Empire was shortly declined as his death in 1707. Gender: Male Religion: Muslim Race or Ethnic. In history he is known as living saint because he ruled according to Sharia law. The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb signaled a movement away from the empire's tradition of religious openness by: ... physical appearance and form of governance. State subserviently acting for the advancement of Islam, during the Medieval period of India’s history (1200-, 1790 A.D.). Reply Delete. mention in the official papers of Emperor Aurangzeb. 11). 22), Keshava Rai Temple (Jan.-Feb. 1670). In the same vein were his, discriminatory measures against the Hindus in the form of exemption of the Muslims. 47). This, hated tax involved heavy economic burden on the vast number of the poor Hindus and, caused humiliation to each and every Hindu (Exhibit No. Vishveshvara goes back to very early times. This Exhibition mounted by François Gautier's non-profit FACT contains and is based on original Akhbarats from Aurangzeb's Court as preserved at the Rajasthan State Archives, Bikaner, contemporary official records and credible Persian sources. Along. Because of bigotry political and religious policies of Aurangzeb he had to deal with rebellions. The Mughals suffered a bit in Assam and Koch Bihar, but they gainfully invaded Arakanese lands in coastal … well laid trap and wrote in his Will (Exhibit No. He executed Sufi mystic Sarmad Kashani and ninth Sikh guru Tegh Bahadur for refusing to get converted into Islam. Bundela during Jahangir’s time at a cost of thirty-three lakhs of rupees. His policies for temples were totally mixed. for more than three hundred years from 1200-1526 A.D. under the Delhi Sultanate, specially during the time of. Prithviraj Sukumaran, who debuted with Aiyyaa in Bollywood, wants people to appreciate his acting skills in Aurangzeb, not his physical appearance, which was in focus in his first Hindi movie. Happily, this was taken as a sign that, the Lord did not wish to proceed any further and, chariot are shown stuck up in sand; the Maharana, Raj Singh is receiving the idol of Shrinathji with. It may attempt to capture all or some of the traits of a subject, such as physical appearance, personality and spirituality. Now that after coming to the Emperor’s presence he has shown such audacity and returned harsh and strong replies, the public extols him for his bravery all the more …”. was removed on Auranzeb’s orders in October 1666. No son, grandson or nobles are there to give shoulder to the body of the Emperor. of his state on 5th December 1671 at Sihad village. no illumination on Diwali.” (Mirat, 276). Shivaji was not expecting this kind of reception. But Maharana Raj Singh of Mewar, in line with the great traditions of his, House, came out in open support of the Rathors. Aurangzeb was born on 14 October 1618 in Dahod, Gujarat. Aurangzeb, one of the greatest of the Mogul emperors of Hindustan, was the third son of Shah Jahan, and was born in November 1618. Dara. and some important areas in the east as well. On 1st September 1681, while proceeding to the Deccan, where his rebel son Prince Akbar, escorted by Durga Das Rathore, had joined Chhatrapati, Shivaji’s son, Shambhaji, thus creating a serious problem for him, Aurangzeb ordered, that all the Temples on the way should be destroyed. In his religious frenzy, even, Temples of the loyal and friendly Amber state were not spared, such as the famous Temple, of Jagdish at Goner near Amber (Exhibit Nos. Aurangzeb was the son of Shah Jahan and his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal (the Taj Mahal was built in her honor). In June 1626, after an unsuccessful rebellion by his father, Aurangzeb and his brother Dara Shukoh were kept as hostages under their grandparents' (Nur Jahan and Jahangir) Lahore court. It is a night scene in the Red Fort of Agra where Emperor Shah Jahan had been kept in strict confinement by his son Aurangzeb for the past several years. He also. At last when Maharana, assured the worried Gosain (the priest) that, Aurangzeb would not be able to even touch, the idol of Shri Nathji without first treading. Aurangzeb was a cruel ruler and did not trust upon anyone. He conquered   Ahmednagar Sultanate, Qutbshahis of Golconda and Adil  Shahis of Bijapur and added into his territory. Athletic 8. During his reign singers and musicians were dismissed and music was banned in the royal court. He also learned Arabic and Persian language. Madhya Pradesh, and wrested India’s crown from his father before the end of June 1658, after defeating his brother Crown Prince Dara Shukoh’s armies, first at Dharmat near, Ujjain (15th April 1568) and again at Samugarh on 29th May 1658. In the. Muscular 16. creation of Khalsa is considered as a watershed in the history of the Sikhs. Facts about Aurangzeb 4: date of birth. It was rebuilt by King Bhim Deva Solanki of Gujarat and again renovated by Kumarapal in 1143-44 A.D. 18), another ban imposed was, on their travelling in Palkis, or riding elephants and Arab-Iraqi horses, as Hindus should, not carry themselves with the same dignity as the Muslims! It didn’t matter that Datta Khandagale had two small children. When describing the physical characteristics of an individual, one of the first things that will strike you is the overall build or body type. But he held his second enthronement after his success in the battles of Khajwa and Deorai, on May 15, 1659 after entering Delhi in a grand procession. The Dehra of Keshava Rai was one of the most magnificent Temples, ever built in India and enjoyed veneration of the Hindus throughout, the land. He abandoned the famous policy of great Akbar to respect every religion which made the root of Mughal Empire strong during Akbar’s reign. When A'zam Shah didn't take his mahaldars with him on a journey to Ahmedabad, he reproached him in a letter and fined him Rs 50,000 for his foolish behavior, to be paid into the state treasury." though they continued to be tolerant towards his creed. (Persian Text and Painting, Exhibit Nos. A, massive peaceful demonstration against this tax in Delhi was ruthlessly crushed. He arranged his coronation on 13th June 1659 at Red Fort, Delhi. 30). Such display of Islamic orthodoxy by the State under Aurangzeb gave strength and, purpose to the resistance movements such as of the Marathas, the Jats, the Bundelas and. over the bodies of one lakh of his brave troops. After the execution of ninth Sikh Guru Tegh Bahadur Sikhs became more rebellious. He showed no mercy while eradicating all his enemies. The likeness may be drawn from the actual observation of the person, or from memory, or solely through imagination-based on descriptions heard or read, or copied from an earlier rendering, or assimilated … the first mentions that Thakkar etc, four Qanungos of parganah Bhure, became Musalman and were awarded dresses of honour; the second says, that the office of Qanungo was restored to four persons (Makrand etc. The most hated Ziziya tax was re-imposed on non-Muslims mostly on Hindus who were not fighting for Mughal Empire. In the tabut or bier, the pale face of the Emperor is uncovered. The French Doctor, Bernier, was an eye-witness to the scene and was deeply moved by, the popular sympathy for Dara (Exhibit No. 48) that it made him "to labour hard (against, the Marathas) to the end of my life (as a result of it)." His Majesty, eager to establish Islam, issued orders to the, governors of all the provinces to demolish the, schools and Temples of the infidels, and, with, the utmost urgency, put down the teaching, and the public practice of the religion of these. Aurangzeb Alamgir, the sixth ruler of the Mughal Empire, is the most hated king in Indian history. But by reintroducing it Aurangzeb dug the grave for his own empire. Still he constructed mosques like Moti Masjid in Red Fort complex in Delhi, Badshahi Mosque in Lahore and, mosque in Barbara. of ancient and sacred town Mathura was changed to Islamabad. Sooner or later he was, bound to invite hostility of Aurangzeb who had, summoned the two previous Gurus as if he had the. Shukoh too, assisted by the Indian scholars, got translated Bhagvad, Gita, Prabodha Chandrodaya (a philosophical drama written in 1065, A.D.), and Yoga Vasistha into Persian. After gaining the throne he titled himself Alamgir (“Conqueror of the world”). Only two years, before his long awaited death, he had ordered, (1st January 1705) to “demolish the Temple of, Pandharpur and to take the butchers of the camp, there and slaughter cows in the Temple … It. Large, clear eyes, with dark black pupils that give a sparkle to the eyes, and a red tinge at the corners of the eyes. Shortly afterwards, in September, 1682, the famous Bindu-Madhav Temple in Banaras was also demolished as per the. When his father Shah Jahan fell ill, the war for the succession of throne broke out among brothers and in this war of power Aurangzeb had the victory with his valour, courage, craze for crown, compassion, cruelty of no bound and strategic plans. He led a life of simplicity throughout his whole life time and kept himself away from extravagance and luxury. was done.” Akhbarat, 49-7, cited in J.N. He was also a courageous and brave person from a very young age. In many aspects Aurangzeb was a remarkable person of exceptional character. The artist in the painting above has tried to recreate the scene. They regarded that it was beyond the, understanding or intelligence of the Musalmans to comprehend the principle behind the idol, worship or the fundamental oneness of saguna and nirguna worship. 35). Wrote Parkaldas of Amber to the State’s Diwan in his letter of 29th May 1666, “The people had been praising Shivaji’s high spirit and courage before. which Aurangzeb was to take in the coming years, influenced by the Shari‘at and his own religious, convictions, thereby alienating the Hindus towards, the return of Lord Ram to Ayodhya, after fourteen, years of exile and victory over Ravana, by lighting, lamps and bursting crackers etc. He also translated fifty two, Upanishads, which are the fountain-head of Indian philosophy, with the, help of learned Pandits from Banaras, well versed in the Vedas and the, Upanishads. He is considered as controversial king because most people believe that he was the reason of destruction of Hindu temples while others argue that he built more temples than he destroyed. Siyaha Waqai Darbar, Julus (R.Yr.) The famous Temple was dedicated to Lord Shiva. here on 20th February, 1672 amidst great rejoicings. in full swing after his general order of 9th, April 1669. He was ever keen to discuss and, understand their religious beliefs, practices and philosophy and, in, order to make the Musalmans familiar with the culture, and universal, values, philosophy and traditions of India, he had the great epics of, India - Ramayana and Mahabharat - translated into Persian. Dara for his infidelity and deviation from Islamic orthodoxy, and because “the pillars, of the Canonical Law and Faith apprehended many kinds of disturbances from his life.”, satisfy him that his rival was really dead. His subjects had fear for him more than respect. See more. These three centuries of rule is marked as the most crucial and turning period in Indian history. with the Temples, Gurudwaras were also razed. Shivaji was presented to the Emperor by Asad Khan in the Diwan-i-Khas and was then directed to stand in the line of 5 hazari mansabdars. India - India - Aurangzeb: The empire under Aurangzeb (ruled 1658–1707) experienced further growth but also manifested signs of weakness. There is mention, of Kalkaji in the Maratha records of 1738. Overweight 4. after this, the great Temple of Keshava Rai was demolished (Jan.-Feb. 1670) (Exhibit No. The idols, the author of Maasir-i-, ‘Alamgiri informs, were carried to Agra and buried under the steps of the mosque built by, Begum Sahiba, in order to be continually trodden upon by the Musalmans, and the name. Many, including his brother Murad, were deceived by this posture. When, he ordered (13th October 1666) removal of the carved railing, which Prince Dara Shukoh, had presented to Keshava Rai Temple at Mathura, he had observed ‘In the religion of the, Musalmans it is improper even to look at a Temple’, and that it was totally unbecoming of, a Muslim to act like Dara Shukoh (Exhibit No. Physical Description: Aurangzeb's willowy stature is complimented by an imperceptibly toned physique. 36) and to honour the converts in the open, Court. Maharana himself receiving the Lord on the border. Aurangzeb, Emperor Shah Jahan’s sixth child, was born on 24th October 1618 at Dohad in. 23 & 24) and in its place a lofty mosque was erected. On 26 … The Mullas decreed that he must be put to death for apostasy. I to stand behind him? 10, Rabi I, 23 and Rabi II, 3 (Sept.3, and Sept. 12, 1667) provide details regarding, the demolition of the Temple on Aurangzeb’s, renovated and altered several times but the main, 18th century structure more or less remains the, same. Required fields are marked *, All Rights Reserved Copyrights @ 2020 StudyToday.net. Slender 9. inviolable and unchangeable in all conditions, in all countries, and for all times to come. There were … “Continue giving liberally”, Aurangzeb had ordered when, it was reported to him that the Faujdar of Bithur, Shaikh Abdul Momin, had converted. This made him the most brutal king in history. 7). venerated Jagannath Temple in Orissa (Exhibit No. As an emperor he fought constant wars. The pious ruler of an Islamic state replaced the seasoned statesman of a mixed kingdom; Hindus became subordinates, not colleagues, and the Marathas, like the southern Muslim kingdoms, were marked for annexation rather … Till his death he had to fight with these rebels. A. portion of the sculpture of the demolished Temple, probably built in the late 16th century, still survives, to tell the tale of Aurangzeb’s vandalism and, barbarity. these as acts of ignorance and folly for a vain purpose. By his orders, the headless corpse of his, brother was placed on an elephant and paraded through the streets of Delhi a second, time and then buried without the customary washing and dressing of the body. Aurangzeb did remarkable and exceptional work in military campaigns. He was, followed by Guru Har Rai (1645-61) who incurred, displeasure of Aurangzeb for having blessed Dara, Shukoh, then passing through Punjab after losing, Guruship in 1664 after the death of the eighth, Guru Har Kishan at Delhi. These were the, (Rajasthan), which in course of time became, Govardhan near Mathura, before it could be, Kishangarh and even Jodhpur, but none of the, Rajput States felt strong enough to face the, wrath of Aurangzeb. The most significant wars was Mughal-Martha war fought between Maratha Empire and Mughal Empire. He also granted lands for maintenance and repair of temples. From early childhood his rebellious nature made him into a hostage for a short while under his grandparents’. He is considered as the last powerful emperor of Mughal dynasty. According to the Puranas, every foot-step taken in Kashi Kshetra has, tirtha. The instant impact of the Shaikh’s, analysis of the problem and implied advice to, Aurangzeb is also indicative of the high degree of, influence wielded by this religious class during the, rebuilt soon after Aurangzeb’s death (1707, dedicated to Goddess Kali. men is sternly condemned, such as by the Wahabis. After the destruction of Somnath Temple during Alauddin’s time, it was rebuilt again. Aurangzeb definition, Mogul emperor of Hindustan 1658–1707. The railing. The name of Aurangzeb is noted as the most controversial emperor in Indian history. Your email address will not be published. 38). In the same, vein came brazen attempts to convert Hindus by inducement, coercion (Exhibit Nos. He travelled extensively, spreading his message, of hope and courage to the scattered sangats and, encouraging all to bear their tribulations. agreed to become Musalman, obviously under pressure or as inducement. (11th November 1675), Sikh history. centre is a portion of the infamous order of the 9th April issued by him. Its re-imposition by Aurangzeb in 1679 was an extremely retrogressive step and was greeted by spontaneous protests of the people in general and made Shivaji Maharaj write his famous letter chiding the intolerant and imprudent Emperor for making distinction among his subjects on the basis of religion. Meerut, became a Musalman ‘as promised by him’. November 18, 2017 by Study Mentor Leave a Comment. The two Akhbarat, dated R.Yr. During his last days he was mentally disturbed over his failures against the Marathas and the revolts. He was very much upset when Kumar Ram Singh (son of Mirza Raja Jai Singh of Amber), in response to his query, informed him that the noble standing in front of him was Maharaja Jaswant Singh of Jodhpur. The two wives of the Emperor, Akbarabadi Begum and Fatehpuri Begum, who were with him when his end came, are being stopped at the door by the guards, and are sadly seeing the bier of their husband, Shah Jahan, the Emperor of India, being taken out by four kahars or palquin bearers, as if he was some common prisoner. In the 11th century, the Temple was looted and destroyed by Mahmud Ghaznavi. This led to war with both Mewar and, Marwar during which the Temples built on the bank of Rana’s lake were destroyed by, his orders (Exhibit No. Abul Muzaffar Muhi-ud-Din Muhammad Aurangzeb was born on 3rd November 1618 in Dahod, Gujurat as the third son  and sixth child of emperor Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal. His reign lasted for 49 years from 1658 until his death in 1707. Hindu hater, murderer and religious zealot are just a handful of the modern caricatures of this maligned ruler. Skinny 14. It was felt among his inner circle of confidants that Dara. 10, Muharram 18 / 1st July 1667. the desired result is not mentioned, but it appears. At this he began to fret and “his eyes became wet with anger.” The Emperor noticed the commotion and told Ram Singh, “Ask Shivaji, what ails him.”, When Kumar came, Shivaji burst forth, “You have seen, your father has seen, and your Padishah has seen, what sort of man I am, and you have wilfully made me stand up so long. 42). venerable shrines of India during the next few years, but despite the severe and comprehensive nature of, the order, it failed to wrest from Banaras its unique, prestige and position as the chief centre of learning, of the Vedas, Dharmashastras, the Six Systems of, Philosophy, Sanksrit language and literature, and, to the governors of all the provinces to demolish the schools and Temples, of the infidels, and, with the utmost urgency, put down the teaching and, the public practice of the religion of these unbelievers (Hindus)” (Maasiri-‘, of Somanath, Jagannath (Puri), Kashi Vishwanath (Banaras)and Keshava, Rai (Mathura), which were all highly venerated shrines, as symbolic of A, urangzeb’s ideal of thorough destruction of Hindu Temples. In a rare description of the scene of a Temple destruction, like of which continued to occur time and again during the long and disastrous rule of the Musalman rulers in India, we have the following account. Aurangzeb lived a great life ruling over the large Mughal Emperor. It was the result of his lack of vision in religious matters. Non-Muslims were dismissed from the work and were forced to accept Islam. who saw in it violation of the doctrine of the ‘unity’. There might be very few examples indeed of such an unceremonious and hurried burial, marked by stealthiness and tainted by guilt, as that of Shah Jahan, who had been Emperor of India for about thirty years (1627-1658) and who was leaving behind a son, now the Emperor (Aurangzeb), and a number of grand children and relations and countless nobles. more hostile towards him when Prince Dara Shukoh, the favourite son of Shah Jahan, the translator of the Upanishads (Exhibit No. What it all means ?”, He was made to feel neglected in other ways also. “In, a short time, by the great exertion of the officers, the destruction of this, strong foundation of infidelity was accomplished and on its site a lofty, mosque was built at the expenditure of a large sum.” To the author of. and defied the Emperor’s authority, won him spontaneous admiration of the masses. "Aurangzeb treated his son's mahaldars with great respect. He gave up the good customs like Jharoka Darsan established by his predecessors. have been highlighted supported by evidence, mostly contemporary official records of his, on 2nd April 1679 (Exhibit No. The site is very old dating back to Emperor, Asoka’s time (3rd century B.C.). He implemented several policies banning gambling,music, narcotics. Parkaldas, an official of Amber (Jaipur State) wrote in his letter dated 29th May 1666, to his Diwan. Facts about Aurangzeb 3: the strong ruler. 25), conditions. Kumar Ram Singh caught hold of his hand, but Shivaji wrenched it away …, In the painting above, the above scene, based on a contemporary letter, has been depicted. Unlike Shah Jahan Aurangzeb was not fond of art, culture and architectures. Aurangzeb is nothing like his just and wise father Shah Jahan; Shah Jahan’s subjects were loyal and clean of heart and only required the king to preside over court once a week while Aurangzeb has to hold court twice a day and still his subjects swarm in with uncountable grievances. 16 & 17). Aurangzeb lived a great life ruling over the large Mughal Emperor. He ruled for nearly 50 years, from 1658 until 1707, the last great imperial power in India before British colonialism. Textile industry got a new dimension during his ruling period. Lanky 10. camp be sent to slaughter cows in the Temple precincts (Akhbarat 49-7). As an emperor Aurangzeb was desperate for the expansion of his empire. Birthplace: Dhod, Malwa, India Location of death: Ahmadnagar Cause of death: unspecified. The likeness may be drawn from the actual observation of the person, or from memory, or solely through imagination-based on descriptions heard or read, or copied from an earlier rendering, or assimilated … View all Aurangzeb … He lacked imagination power in religious matters. must be put to death without delay on the ground of apostasy. Shivaji reached Agra on the 12th May 1666 by noon, and had to be rushed to the Court to attend the special darbar on Aurangzeb’s 50th lunar birthday. 150 Hindus and had given them naqd (cash) and saropas (dresses of honour) (Exhibit No. He had already made his old. His extreme devotion and faith in own religion made him a bigot in the history. After he and his three companions refused, to embrace Islam, they were brought to the Chandni, Chowk near the Red Fort where his companions, were tortured to death in his presence to intimidate, him, but on his firm refusal to abjure his faith at any, cost, he was beheaded “in a large public spectacle”, on 11 November 1675 (the painting above depicts the same). He ordered the construction of tomb of Sufi saint. It may attempt to capture all or some of the traits of a subject, such as physical appearance, personality and spirituality. remains constantly in communion with the Divine. He left behind a crumbling empire, a corrupt and inefficient administration, a. demoralized army, a discredited government facing bankruptcy and alienated subjects. Sarkar, Siyaha Akhbarat Darbar Mu'alla, Julus (R. Yr.) 10, Zilhijja 16/30 May 1667, Amins of Haft-chowkis) on the ground of religion, foreshadowed the other discriminatory measures. Shah Jahan placed effective … Muhi-ud-Din Muhammad also known as Aurangzeb or by his title Alamgir was the sixth emperor of the Mughal Empire.He ruled over most of the Indian subcontinent through Islamic Sharia. 37 &, 39) or by offering Qanungoship (Exhibit No. J.N. His personal directions were that a Hindu male be given Rs.4 and a Hindu female, Rs.2 on conversion (Exhibit No. Aurangzeb moved to Kirki in the Deccan region, which he renamed, Aurangabad, after him. For suppressing the revolt he used most of the Mughal treasury which founded the base for Mughal Empire disintegration and downfall. 10, Rabi II, 17 / 26th September 1667. to three places only – Macca, Madina and Jerusalam, and the practice of visiting tombs of saints and holy. The translation of the Upanishads by him entitled Sirr-i-, Akbar (The Grand Secret) was completed on the 28th June 1657, shortly, before the commencement of the War of Succession, which he lost to, his crafty and unscrupulous brother, Aurangzeb who ruled India from. The Hindus believed that, the Gods and Goddesses leave for their abode before the hatchet or the hammer of the vile, “mlecchas” or “asuras” so much as even touched the idols. Aurangzeb was born on 3 November 1618, in Dahod, Gujarat.He was the third son and sixth child of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal. Stocky 3. Behind Prince Dara Shukoh is Nazar, Beg, their goaler. Qanungos being restored their Qanungoi on becoming Musalman. “Now that after coming to the Emperor’s presence Shivaji has shown such, audacity and returned harsh and strong replies, the public extols him for his bravery all. On 26 … 31) and also about two hundred other Temples in the environs of, Udaipur (Exhibit No. was paraded in a most undignified manner on the streets of Delhi on 29th August 1659. The first one were Jats of Mathura who had conflict with Mughal Empire on the matter of land collection. posed as a defender of Islam who would rule according to the directions of the Shari’at, and with the advice of the Clerics or Ulama for whom the doctrines, rules, principles and, directives, as laid down and interpreted in the 7th and 8th century Arabia and Iraq, were. He did not believe or trust upon anyone. Replies. reached Sihada village in Mewar, the wheels of, Shrinathji’s chariot got stuck up in the sand, and, despite all efforts, the chariot would not move a, finger’s length. He was pious Muslim like Akbar but did not respected other religions. ), on becoming Musalmans; the third records that Parmanand, Qanungo of. 8). A, general order of this type to put down the teaching, and public practice of religion by the Hindus was, used as a ground to demolish some of the most. 2), and a truly liberal and enlightened, Musalman, was taken prisoner on the Indian border, as he was about to enter Persia. He imprisoned his father emperor Shah Jahan in the war of succession but he did not mistreat him. Shah Jahan’s devoted daughter, Jahanara is looking at the sad spectacle from a window of the palace, her entreaties with Khoja Phul (the eunuch) not to take the body for burial in the night without waiting for the daybreak having failed. in acquiring the throne and that his only object was to ward off the threat to Islam, which. Comprehensive order not, distinguishing between old and newly built Temples ( Exhibit No very liberal and enlightened Musalman.. He constantly engaged himself in constant warfare natural death at the age of on! Islam but stood for freedom of conscience: Prince Dara Shukoh came power. 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