I could have also used Apache JMeter’s ability to parameterize queries so that they vary from one iteration to another using a predetermined set of parameter values. See also STL_DDLTEXT , STL_UTILITYTEXT , and SVL_STATEMENTTEXT . The following table delves deeper into the purpose that each building block serves in our load test. Other listeners can summarize and aggregate test metadata (such as the number of test samples submitted during the test). Query 13 is the only GigaOm Analytic Field Test query with an explicit JOIN. Existing Amazon Redshift customers also desire an approach to scale up with eyes wide open, and benchmarking different Amazon Redshift cluster configurations against various production workloads can help you appropriately accommodate workload expansion. It has has been built from ParAccel technology.… Towards the end, I input the database JDBC URL (which is actually a variable reference to a variable defined in the test plan), JDBC driver class name, and database username and password. For a complete listing of all statements executed by Amazon Redshift, you can query the SVL_STATEMENTTEXT view. ... Click Test, which should be successful Click Connect and input above password if prompted again. How to Create an Index in Amazon Redshift Table? Disabled short query acceleration but cranked up the default queue concurrency to 50. You can use any of the mentioned statements in your dynamic query. The following screenshot shows the View Results in Table output. There are many different kinds of listeners that, for example, allow you to capture your test output as a tree, table, or graph. For large load tests, it’s highly recommended that you use the Apache JMeter CLI to minimize the risk of the Apache JMeter GUI exhausting its host’s compute resources, causing it to enter a non-responsive state or fail with an out-of-memory error. SQL SERVER VS REDSHIFT – THE VERDICT. JDBC and ODBC driver for Amazon Redshift. Listeners control where test output is written and how it’s processed. Redshift is probably going to be cheaper since you aren't going to be charged for each of those queries. In the latter case, we were able to drop queue time for all queries to zero (with only one disk-based query over a test period of 20 minutes.) In this post, we discuss benchmarking Amazon Redshift with the Apache JMeter open-source tool. For routing to a concurrency scaling cluster, a query needs to encounter queueing. So, let's say each of those hundreds of queries processes 50GB. For prospective Amazon Redshift customers, benchmarking Amazon Redshift is often one of the main components of evaluation and a key source of insight into the price-to-performance ratio of different Amazon Redshift configurations. The problem with doing a benchmark with “easy” queries is that every warehouse is going to do pretty well on this test; it doesn’t really matter if Snowflake does an easy query fast and Redshift does an easy query really, really fast. Amazon Redshift is built around industry-standard SQL, with added functionality to manage very large datasets and support high-performance analysis and reporting of those data. Imagine we have an ecommerce database where the orders table, with one record per order, contains a nested array of items: the individual products purchased in a given order. Both Redshift and BigQuery offer free trial periods during with customers can evaluate performance, but they impose limits on available resources during trials. The Amazon Redshift tables are already available to be fetched. However, outside Redshift SP, you have to prepare the SQL plan and execute that using EXECUTE command. All rights reserved. why would this not work via EC2 / Lambda in a script with that role associated with them – Shenanigator Mar 23 at 20:46 Interview Mocha’s Amazon Redshift online test is created by subject matter experts (SMEs) and contains questions on data warehouse, sort key, data migration, cluster query, query performance. You can also save output from listeners after a test run to a different file through the JMeter menu. Here are the actual results from our test lab. The baseDir variable is actually a variable that is intended to be embedded in other variables, rather than directly referenced by other test components. This sort of traffic jam will increase exponentially over time as more and more users are querying this connection. If a query is sent to the Amazon Redshift instance while all concurrent connections are currently being used it will wait in the queue until there is an available connection. As with our first cluster, these five clusters had manually tuned WLMs and were operating well within our data SLAs. You can add a User Defined Variables building block in several places, and it’s best to use this capability to limit the scope of each variable. Redshift query editor. After configuring an Amazon Redshift connection, you can configure as many Amazon Redshift activities as you like for each Amazon Redshift connection. Athena uses Presto and ANSI SQL to query on the data sets. I left all other fields at their default on this page. The query speeds on DW2 can also increase as you add more DW2 nodes to your Redshift cluster. Methods to Query Data in Amazon Redshift. This is a very simple library that gets credentials of a cluster via redshift.GetClusterCredentials API call and then makes a connection to the cluster and runs the provided SQL statements, once done it will close the connection and return the results. We use the JDBC Connection Configuration building block to create a database connection pool that is used by the simulated users to submit queries to Amazon Redshift. In this particular post, we reviewed the strengths and appropriateness of Apache JMeter for conducting benchmark tests. Open-source tools, with their cost-efficiency and vendor neutrality, are often the preferred choice for profiling your production workloads and benchmark tests. user_id - id of the user; username - user name; db_create - flag indicating if user can create new databases The following screenshot provides a close up of the building block tree. What matters is whether you can do the hard queries fast enough. version - Redshift version; Rows. The \report-output\statistics.json file captures a lot of useful metrics, such as the total samples (like SQL queries) submitted during the test duration, achieved query throughput, and number of small, medium, and large queries and their individual throughput. As mentioned, this series is divided into multiple installments, with the first installment discussing general best practices for benchmarking, and the subsequent installments discussing the strengths and challenges with different open-source tools such as SQLWorkbench, psql, and Apache JMeter. You will learn query patterns that affects Redshift performance and how to optimize them. Sitemap, Commonly used Teradata BTEQ commands and Examples. Table 17. I choose to add several listeners in this test plan just for demonstration, but I have found the listeners Aggregate Report and View Results in Table to be most helpful to me. These questions vary greatly, but a theme that is often discussed is query … One nice feature is there is an option to generate temporary credentials, so you don’t have to remember your password. Note The maximum size for a single Amazon Redshift SQL statement is 16 MB. There’s an extensive list of system tables and views that you can query to get this information. The following diagram illustrates the basic query lifecycle. An additional thing to note is that in the case of DW1, when running complex queries[1] against more than a TB of records of data, the query performance will take a few minutes, even when you increase the cluster size. To configure this JDBC Request, I specified the appropriate JDBC Connection Configuration and some very simple test SQL. The following diagram provides a basic illustration of the various Apache JMeter building blocks to be leveraged in this load test, how they interact with each other, and the typical order in which are they created; in some cases, I mention the specific implementation of the building block to be used in parenthesis (such as Ultimate Thread Group). 1.11. Redshift Recursive Query Alternative Example. Analytics Specialists Solutions Architects such as myself frequently and happily engage with current and prospective customers to help you evaluate your benchmarking strategy and approach at no charge. Redshift does not support all features that are supported in PostgreSQL. Using the CLI for large load tests also helps minimize any impact on the benchmark results. I recommend creating a separate query queue for fast and slow queries, in our example fast_etl_execution . The queries below return the Redshift version and information about the installed version. Some of the best practices represented core principles that span all the open-source tools discussed (such as consistency in testing methodology). To query the linked server, click New Query in the toolbar: Enter your SQL query in the editor window and click Execute to run the query: As a result, you can see the contents of the selected table retrieved directly from the Amazon Redshift account you are connected to. For this post, I skip over discussing the possible Amazon Redshift cluster tweaks that you could use to squeeze every drop of performance out of Amazon Redshift, and instead rely on the strength of its default state to be optimized to achieve excellent query throughput on diverse workloads. The following screenshot shows a sampling of the data from statistics.json. After the test has completed, several output files are created, such as a JMeter application log, query output files from the listeners (if any), and test statistics from listeners (if any). Also, good performance usually translates to lesscompute resources to deploy and as a result, lower cost. Google outperformed the low-end configurations of Azure SQL Data Warehouse, Redshift and Snowflake. To install Apache JMeter on a Windows EC2 machine, complete the following steps: Apache JMeter supports both GUI and CLI modes, and although you may find the Apache JMeter GUI straightforward with a relatively small learning curve, it’s highly recommended that you use the Apache JMeter GUI primarily for defining benchmark tests, and perhaps running small-to-medium-sized benchmark tests. See the following screenshot. What is Amazon Redshift and how does it compare to Shard-Query? See the following screenshot. Make sure you create at least one user defined query besides the Redshift query queue offered as a default. He advises customers in the Americas on their Amazon Redshift and data lake architectures and migrations, starting from the POC stage to actual production deployment and maintenance, Click here to return to Amazon Web Services homepage, Represents an atomic test case (simulate 50 users concurrently querying a Redshift cluster with twice the baseline node count), Represents all the JDBC information needed to connect to the Amazon Redshift cluster (such as JDBC URL, username, and password), A collection of key-value pairs that can be used as parameters throughout the test plan and make it easier to maintain or change the test behavior, Captures and displays or writes test output such as SQL result sets, A simulated group of users that perform the test function (submit a SQL query), The action to be taken by the simulated users (SQL query text), Connect via RDP to the Windows EC2 Instance (, Download and unzip the Apache JMeter .zip file from the, Increase the JVM heap size for Apache JMeter by changing the corresponding JVM parameters in the, 20 users submit only small queries, which are of low complexity and typically have a runtime of 0–30 seconds in the current system, such as business intelligence analyst queries, 20 users submit only medium queries, which are of moderate complexity and typically have a runtime of 31–300 seconds in the current system, such as data engineer queries, 10 users submit only large queries, which are very complex and typically have a runtime over 5 minutes in the current system, such as data scientist queries. It works directly on top of Amazon S3 data sets. Query select usesysid as user_id, usename as username, usecreatedb as db_create, usesuper as is_superuser, valuntil as password_expiration from pg_user order by user_id Columns. In this test, I chose to have all 20 small users created at start time without any delays. This view is visible to all users. In the following example, I demonstrate creating a straightforward load test using both the Apache JMeter GUI and CLI. I left all other settings at their default on this page. This is achieved by a one-row entry in the Thread Schedule and setting the Start Threads Count thread group property to 20 users (or the matching variable, as we do in the following screenshot). On the Redshift version and information about the installed version it needs to as consistency in testing methodology.! Up to the Amazon AWS console be sure to set it as you see fit you add more DW2 to! 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